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head pressing
Persistent pushing with the head against a fixed object; often a sign of brain disease.
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head tilt
Viewing from the front, the head appears tilted to one side; often a sign of vestibular disease.
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heavy metal toxicity
Metallic elements with high atomic weights; a common hazardous waste; can damage organisms at low concentrations and tends to accumulate in the food chain, e.g. lead, iron.
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hemangiosarcoma
Cancer formed by proliferation of endothelial and fibrobastic (connective) tissue, typically involving highly vascular organs such as the spleen or liver.
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hematocrit (HCT)
See packed cell volume (PCV).
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hemifacial spasm
Persistent contraction of the facial muscles on one side; often due to chronic disease of the facial nerve.
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hemiparesis
Partial loss of voluntary movement in the limbs on one side of the body.
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hemiplegia
Complete loss of voluntary movement in the limbs on one side of the body.
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hemorrhage
Profuse loss of blood from a ruptured blood vessel; bleeding.
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hepatic microvascular dysplasia
Condition caused by the undervelopment or absense of the microscopic vessels within the liver; leads to liver atrophy and the inability to process toxins or make necessary proteins; also called portal atresia.
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hepatoencephalopathy
A metabolic disorder affecting the brain that develops as a result of liver disease.
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herniation
The protrusion of an organ or other structure through the outer covering of a membrane, muscle, or bone; for example, the protrusion of the center (nucleus pulposus) through the outer covering (annulus fibrosus) of an intervertebral disk; see intervertebral disk disease.
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histoplasmosis
A disease caused by a type of fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum.
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hydrocephalus
Literally means "water on the brain"; increase in the size of ventricles and amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. There are numerous causes, including congenital birth defect, brain tumor, and brain injury. - Communicating hydrocephalus is caused by a lack of CSF absorption.
- Non-communicating hydrocephalus is caused by a blockage of CSF flow.
- Hydrocephalus ex vacuo is caused by an apparent increase in ventricular size due to loss of ancilliary brain tissue.
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hydromyelia
Condition marked by dilation of the central canal of the spinal cord often occurring in conjunction with syringomyelia.
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hyperadrenocorticism
See Cushing’s disease.
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hyperesthesia
Increased sensitivity to painful stimulation.
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hypermetria
Voluntary muscular movement that results in overreaching of the intended goal; often resulting in high-stepping.
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hyperreflexia
Increase in the size or strength of a reflex.
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hyperthermia
Body temperature that is abnormally high.
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hypertonia
Increase in muscle tone; often resulting in extension of the limbs.
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hypertropia
An eye with strabismus that deviates up.
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hypophysis
see pituitary gland.
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hypoplasia
Incomplete or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue.
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hyporeflexia
Decrease in the size or strength of a reflex.
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hypothyroidism
Impaired production and secretion of the thyroid hormones resulting in a decreased metabolic rate.
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hypotonia
Decrease in muscle tone.
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hypotropia
An eye with strabismus that deviates down.
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hypoxia
Reduction in the supply of oxygen to the brain or other vital organs.
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