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ictus
The actual seizure event.
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idiopathic
Occuring without known cause; in the context of epilepsy, indicates cases in which no lesion is present and a genetic cause is presumed.
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idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis
Condition of unknown cause, characterized by inflammation of the nerves and nerve roots; also called coonhound paralysis. ►click here to learn more-link provided by: www.petplace.com
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immune-mediated disease
Condition which results from abnormal activity of the body's immune system; autoimmune disease is a subset of immune-mediated disease.
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immune-mediated meningoencephalitis
Inflammation of the brain and meninges resulting from abnormal activity of the body’s immune system.
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incontinence
Inability to control urination and defecation.
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infarct
An area of tissue damage due to ischemia resulting from obstruction of circulation commonly by a thrombus or embolus.
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infection
Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues which may result in cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response.
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inflammation
A localized protective response elicited by injury or destruction of tissues, which serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off both the injurous agent and the injured tissue. The five cardinal signs of inflammation include: - redness (rubor)
- swelling (tumor)
- heat (calor)
- pain (dolor)
- loss of function (functio laesa)
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inner ear
Part of the ear involved in hearing and balance. It is composed of the semicircular canals (control balance), vestibule, and the cochlea (amplify sound).
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innervation
The distribution or supply of nerves to a part.
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interneuron
Neuron that receives input from one neuron and projects to another neuron within the spinal cord, allowing a greater degree of complexity of movement control.
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intervertebral disk disease
Condition affecting the spine, in which a tear in the outer, fibrous ring (annulus fibrosus) of an intervertebral disk allows the soft, central portion (nucleus pulposus) to bulge out. This tear in the disk ring may result in the pressurized contents striking and compressing the spinal cord, causing pain and/or paresis. The disease progresses when persistent compression damages neurons and blood vessels causing the release of inflammatory chemical mediators and decreasing blood flow to the spinal cord resulting in severe pain. Type I disk disease occurs with a total rupture of the dorsal part of the annulus and extrusion of the nucleus pulposus into the spinal canal. Type II disk disease occurs with a bulging of the annulus fibrosis into the spinal canal.
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intracranial pressure
Pressure in the skull exerted by the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and the cerebral blood supply.
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intrathecal space
Within a sheath; an intrathecal injection goes through the theca of the spinal cord and into the subarachnoid space.
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intravenous (IV)
Within a vein.
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ion
An atom with a positive (cation) or negative (anion) charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
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ionizing radiation
Any radiation (e.g. X-rays) capable of displacing electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby producing (positively) charged particles or ions. At high doses, ionizing radiation increases chemical activity inside cells and can lead to health risks, including cancer.
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ionophore
Any molecule that increases the permeability of a cell membrane to a specific ion; usually synthesized by microorganisms, some ionophores are used as antibiotics and/or as growth enhancing feed additives for certain food animals such as cattle; overdose and misuse may cause myopathy.
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ipsilateral
Located on the same side of the body.
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ischemia
Impairment of tissue function due to a reduction in blood supply relative to metabolic demand.
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