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narcolepsy
Condition marked by loss of muscle tone (and possibly uncontrollable desire to sleep or by sudden attacks of sleep) occurring at intervals.
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necrosis
Death of cells or tissue.
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necrotizing meningoencephalitis
Inflammation and necrosis of the brain and spinal cord.
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neoplasm
New growth of benign or malignant tissue; see tumor.
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nerve
Enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons.
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nerve conduction velocity (NCV) study
A procedure used to measure the adequacy of conduction of a nerve impulse, thereby detecting nerve disorders (e.g. neuropathies) or nerve injuries.
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nerve plexus
A network of intersecting nerves.
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nerve sheath
The connective tissue surrounding nerves and composed of fibrous tissue (and myelin); provides strength, shape, and increases conduction ability of the nerves.
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nervous system
The organ system (along with the endocrine system) which coordinates the adjustments and reactions of the body to internal and environmental conditions; composed of the central (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral (all other neural elements) nervous systems.
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neural plate
Ectodermal tissue on the dorsal surface of the embryo that forms the neural tube which develops into the central nervous system.
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neural tube
Embryonic brain and spinal cord.
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neuralgia
Pain that originates from nerve irritation usually involving specific nerves such as the trigeminal nerve.
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neuritis
Inflammation of a nerve or group of nerves, characterized by pain, loss of reflexes, and atrophy of the affected muscles.
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neurology
The study of the nervous system; medical specialty dealing with the nervous system and the diseases affecting it.
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neuroma
A swelling of a nerve; may be benign or malignant.
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neuromuscular junction
Junction (synapse) between the terminal end of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber; also called myoneural junction.
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neuromyopathy
Disorder of the nerves and muscles (including the heart); may be focal or generalized.
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neuron
Any of the conducting cells of the nervous system; grouped into 3 classes (sensory, interneuron and motor).
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neuronopathy
Any disease affecting nerve cells (neurons).
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neurotransmitter
Chemical substance (norepinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine, etc.) that transmits electrical impulses between neurons; released from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron when excited and travels across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
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norepinephrine
A neurohormone (released by adrenergic nerves) and also a neurotransmitter (of adrenergic neurons); it is synthesized from dopamine in the adrenal medulla and is a precursor to epinephrine; part of fight-or-flight response: increases heart rate, triggers the release of glucose, and increases blood flow to skeletal muscle.
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nucleus pulposus
Center of the intervertebral disk.
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nutrition
The sum of the processes inovolved in taking in and utilizing food; poor diet or ability to properly process nutritious substances can lead to disease.
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nystagmus
Oscillation or trembling of the eyeballs in response to head movement; may be involuntary and rhythmic with certain diseases, especially those involving the vestibular system.
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